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Station, junction, terminal, and terminus are some terms which are commonly heard on India’s rail network, though these terms are used interchangeably, yet these do not mean the same. While station is a general term which means a place where trains halt at passenger or other rail operations, junction is a place where two rail routes join each other. Terminal or terminus is a point which marks the end of a railway line or a train journey. Knowing the difference between these terms will help us in understanding the rail maps easily.
What Is a Railway Station?
Railway station is a halt point from where people board and de-board from a train. It may also include facilities like ticket booking, parcels and cargo related operations.
A station may consist of one or more than one platform and can lie within the starting and ending points of a train journey.
Most importantly, not all stations are junction or terminus.
What Is a Railway Junction?
Railway junction is a railway station which connects two or more railway lines.
Since several railway lines connect at a junction, it allows the movement of trains in different directions from one location. Thus, junctions can have significant implications for railway operations and routing.
Junction is a railway station, and thus, trains can usually stop and start from it.
In other words, Junction = station connecting railway lines.
What Is a Railway Terminal/Terminus?
The term railway terminal or terminus usually refers to a railway station which marks the termination of a railway line or a train service.
This is the place from which trains may start and end their journeys. It depends on the railway configuration as to whether reversal of train or any other terminal activities are required prior to commencing another service.
In other words, Terminal/Terminus = station marking the end of a route/service.
Can a Railway Station be Both a Junction and Terminal?
Yes. The above names denote the different features of a railway station and hence, one railway station may have two distinct roles.
For instance, there might be a case where one railway station is connected to several railway lines but serves as the end point for certain trains.
The above discussion shows that the three names are not mutually exclusive.
Station vs Junction vs Terminal
| Feature | Railway Station | Railway Junction | Railway Terminal |
| Main purpose | Train stop | Connects or branches railway routes | End point of a route/service |
| Passenger Passenger | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Multiple railway routes required? | No | Yes | No |
| Train journey ends there? | Not necessarily | Not necessarily | Generally |
| Can also be a junction? | Some can | Yes | Some can |
| Can also be a terminal? | Some can | Some can | Yes |
