The three main countries on the Indian subcontinent are India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It's unfortunate that all three countries are frequently discussed worldwide, and the reason is pollution. Numerous articles online highlight that India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan had the world's worst air pollution in 2023. Bangladesh ranked first, making it the most polluted, followed by Pakistan at second, and India at third.
This situation is alarming. The impact of such pollution on the region's population is significant, considering that South Asia, including Nepal, has the world's highest population. If these three countries were one, their combined population would be around 1.006 billion, surpassing that of any other country.
The long-term impact of this pollution is concerning. Reports, including one in Time magazine, suggest that the life expectancy of people in these countries is decreasing by an average of 5 years. This reduction in life expectancy is primarily due to the high levels of air pollution.
In India, for example, the situation is critical. While the average reduction in life expectancy due to pollution is 5 years, for those living in highly polluted cities like Delhi, it could be as much as 12 years. This data comes from a study conducted by the University of Chicago, highlighting the severe health risks posed by air pollution in these countries.
The situation is not much better in Nepal, where pollution levels are also significant. While Nepal's population is lower and industrialization is not as intense as in the other countries, air quality is still a concern.
On the global scale, countries with lower pollution levels tend to be islands or have fewer neighboring countries. Examples include French Polynesia, Mauritius, Iceland, Grenada, Bermuda, and New Zealand, as well as Australia.
It's crucial to address this issue urgently. While the data on air quality monitoring is limited in these countries, efforts must be made to improve monitoring and reduce pollution. Transitioning to cleaner fuels, implementing sustainable transport solutions, and addressing issues like crop residue burning are essential steps in the right direction.
Improving air quality monitoring networks and raising awareness about the health risks of pollution are key to mitigating this crisis. It's a complex issue that requires concerted efforts from governments, industries, and individuals to ensure a healthier and more sustainable future for the region.
